UNESCO CONGRESS Second International Congress on Technical and Vocational Education Lifelong Learning and Training: A Bridge to the Future Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment Training in Technical and Vocational Education

The renewed actuality of the theme of entrepreneurship and self-employment training is due to increasing problems in transition from VET to working life at a time where access to paid employment can no longer be taken for granted and where entrepreneurship and selfemployment have, consequently, become more important as potential sources of livelihood. The paper examines this situation through a discussion of five interconnected themes: 1) the content and various concepts of entrepreneurship, with particular attention being paid to the distinction between external and internal entrepreneurship; 2) trends in entrepreneurship education in different countries and the implications of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education and of the necessity of broad occupational skills or occupational mastery to education and learning in general; 3) the societal and educational system contexts of entrepreneurship education; 4) problems in access to training and entrepreneurship as exemplified by the position of women; and 5) the future of entrepreneurship education in the light of a critical examination of the emphases, contents and goals of entrepreneurship education and a brief consideration of the challenge that entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education present to educational establishments and the operation and organisation of the public sector.